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| 1- An engine that heat energy into work is called a heat engine. |
| 2- The internal combustion engine is one of heat engine. |
| 3- It heat from burning or combustion of a fuel and this heat into useful work. |
| 4- The used in most internal combustion engines is petrol, one of the many products from oil. |
| 5- Petrol, when mixed with the right amount of , will burn when a flame or is put to it. |
| 6- The design of an internal combustion engine must allow four different operations to occur within each cylinder: (1) of the gas and air mixture from the , (2) compression of the mixture, (3) combustion, and (4) exhaust of the gases. |
| 7- The piston moves either up or down for each of these operations, and each of its movements is called a "". |
| 8- There are two strokes (for compression and exhaust) and two downward ones (for and combustion). |
| 9- The has two valves - an inlet valve and outlet valve which open and shut very . |
| 10- The first of these admits the air and gas mixture into the , while the other one allows the burnt gases to . |
| 11- causes the piston to move in the chamber, but what force the other three strokes? The answer is that combustion is occurring in only one of the four cylinders at any given..... are occurring in the other three. |
| 12-The force of that single explosion is to move the other three pistons because they are by means of a crankshaft and four pivot rods - called "connecting rods''. |
| 13- Thus, the up-and-down movement of the pistons both cause ... and is by the movement of the crankshaft. |
| 14- The power of the crankshaft is then transmitted to the wheels of car or the of an aircraft or boat. |
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